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test EasyTimeline 3
(test EasyTimeline 2)
(test EasyTimeline 3)
Ligne 1 : Ligne 1 :
<timeline>
<timeline>
ImageSize  = width:555 height:555
# All measures are in pixels
DateFormat = YYYY
 
Period    = from:1864 till:1956
ImageSize  = width:160 height:550
PlotArea  = width:444 height:444 left:44 bottom:44
PlotArea  = left:50 right:0 bottom:10 top:10
TimeAxis  = orientation:vertical order:reverse
AlignBars  = justify
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1864
 
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1864
DateFormat = yyyy
Period    = from:1917 till:1991
TimeAxis  = orientation:vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1920
 
# there is no automatic collision detection,
# so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap
 
Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar


PlotData=
PlotData=
   at:1864 text:"[[James Clerk Maxwell]] mathematically predicts the existence of radio waves."
   bar:Leaders color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S
  at:1872 text:"Mahlon Loomis and W. H. Ward (USA) file for U.S. Patents for a "wireless telegraph"."
 
  at:1885 text:"[[Heinrich Rudolf Hertz|Heinrich Hertz]] begins experiments into the existence of radio waves using a primitive transmitter and receiver. "
   from:start till:1924 shift:($dx,15)  text:Vladimir~Ilyich~[[Special:MyLanguage/Lenin|Lenin]]
  at:1886 text:"Hertz concludes primitive transmitter and receiver experiemnts."
   from:1924  till:1953 shift:($dx,5)    text:[[Special:MyLanguage/Stalin|Josef~Stalin]]
   at:1887 text:"Hertz publishes his research in the journal Annalen der Physik".
   from:1953  till:1964 shift:($dx,5)    text:Nikita~[[Special:MyLanguage/Khrushchev|Khrushchev]]
  at:1890 text:"[[Edouard Branly]] invents the [[coherer]]."
   from:1964  till:1982 shift:($dx,5)    text:Leonid~[[Special:MyLanguage/Brezhnev|Brezhnev]]
  at:1891 text:"[[Nikola Tesla]] is granted U.S. Patent No. 454,622 "System of Electric Lighting," first revealing the basic techniques for greatly improving radio transmitter performance."
   from:1982  till:1984 shift:($dx,-12text:Yuri~[[Special:MyLanguage/Andropov|Andropov]]
  at:1892 text:"Hertz publishes "Untersuchungen Ueber Die Ausbreitung Der Elektrischen Kraft” (“Investigations on the Propagation of Electrical Energy”)."
   from:1984  till:1985 shift:($dx,4)    text:Konstantin~[[Special:MyLanguage/Chernenko|Chernenko]] fontsize:XS
  at:1893 text:"Tesla demonstrates "wireless telegraphy" at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National Electric Light Association, demonstrating the practical application eight years after Hertz experiments."
   from:1985  till:end  shift:($dx,10)  text:Mikhail~[[Special:MyLanguage/Gorbachev|Gorbachev]]
  at:1894 text:"The book 'Invention, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla', edited by T.C. Martin is published."
  at:1894 text:"Hertz dies at age 37."
   at:1894 text:"[[Alexander Stepanovich Popov|Alexander Popov]] builds his first radio receiver in [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. This was the first non-laboratory radio service."
   at:1894 text:"Oliver Lodge transmits radio signals at a meeting of the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science]] at Oxford University on August 14. One year before Marconi but one year after Tesla."
  at:1894 text:[[Jagadish Chandra Bose]] uses electromagnetic waves to ignite gunpowder and ring a bell at a distance in November in [[Calcutta.]]""
  at:1895 text:"Popov presents his radio receiver to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7. The paper on his findings was published December 15."
  at:1895 text:"[[Marconi]] transmits wireless signals a distance of about one mile."
   at:1896 text:"Tesla transmits wireless signals over distances of up to 30 miles."
  at:1897 text:"Tesla is granted U.S. Patents No. 645,576 and 649,621 covering the four-tuned circuit wireless system."
  at:1897 text:"Marconi is granted a British patent for his work, establishes the world's first radio station on the [[Isle of Wight]], England & forms the London company later to become the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company"
   at:1897 text:"Bose reports on his microwave radio experiments to the Royal Institute in London & speculates on the existence of electromagnetic radiation from the sun."
  at:1898 text:"Popov effects ship-to-shore communication over a distance of 6 miles"
  at:1898 text:"Tesla publicly demonstrates his remote-controlled boat containing "rotating [[coherer]]s" plus circuit elements that allowed secure communication between transmitter and receiver."
  at:1900 text:"Popov supervises the construction of a radio station on Hogland island providing a two-way communication by wireless telegraphy between Russian navy base and crew of the battleship [[General-Admiral Apraksin]].
   at:1900 text:"Tesla begins construction of the [[Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility for trans-Atlantic wireless telephony."
  at:1901 text:"Marconi receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal on 12 December. The message received was three dots, the Morse code for the letter S."
  at:1902 text:"Tesla gives interference testimony in the matter of his patent application for "Systems of Signaling" and that of [[Reginald Fessenden]] for "Improvement in the Transmission and Receipt of Signals," subsequently determined in Tesla's favor."
  at:1904 text:"Bose receives patent for the use of a semi-conducting crystal as a detector of radio waves"
  at:1904 text:"[[John Ambrose Fleming]] develops the "oscillation valve" or "kenotron," later known as the vacuum-tube diode. "
   at:1904 text:"Tesla advertises his services."
  at:1906 text:"[[Lee De Forest]] invents the [[Audion tube|Audion]], now known as the vacuum-tube [[triode]]."
  at:1906 text:"Fessenden transmits the first audio radio broadcast on AM from Brant Rock, [[Massachusetts]]. Ships at sea heard a broadcast that included Fessenden playing the song Silent Night on the violin and reading a passage from the [[Bible]]. "
  at:1909 text:"Marconi is a co-awardee of the Nobel Prize in physics"
  at:1910 text:"Lee de Forest airs radio programs from [[New York]]'s [[Metropolitan Opera|Metropolitan Opera House]]. "
   at:1922 text:"The BBC begins broadcasting from London, on November 14."
  at:1928 text:"[[Julius Edgar Lilienfeld]] patents the transistor principle in Germany"
  at:1933 text:"[[Edwin Howard Armstrong|Edwin Armstrong]] patents FM ([[frequency modulation]])"
   at:1947 text:"William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain succeeds in building the first practical point-contact [[transistor]] at [[Bell Labs]] on 22 December. This work followed from their war-time research into radar."
  at:1956 text:"Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain receive the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics for the invention of the transistor""
</timeline>
</timeline>


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