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| <timeline> | | <timeline> |
| ImageSize = width:555 height:555 | | # All measures are in pixels |
| DateFormat = YYYY | | |
| Period = from:1864 till:1956 | | ImageSize = width:160 height:550 |
| PlotArea = width:444 height:444 left:44 bottom:44
| | PlotArea = left:50 right:0 bottom:10 top:10 |
| TimeAxis = orientation:vertical order:reverse | | AlignBars = justify |
| ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1864 | | |
| ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1864
| | DateFormat = yyyy |
| | Period = from:1917 till:1991 |
| | TimeAxis = orientation:vertical |
| | ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1920 |
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| | # there is no automatic collision detection, |
| | # so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap |
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| | Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar |
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| at:1864 text:"[[James Clerk Maxwell]] mathematically predicts the existence of radio waves." | | bar:Leaders color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S |
| at:1872 text:"Mahlon Loomis and W. H. Ward (USA) file for U.S. Patents for a "wireless telegraph"."
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| at:1885 text:"[[Heinrich Rudolf Hertz|Heinrich Hertz]] begins experiments into the existence of radio waves using a primitive transmitter and receiver. "
| | from:start till:1924 shift:($dx,15) text:Vladimir~Ilyich~[[Special:MyLanguage/Lenin|Lenin]] |
| at:1886 text:"Hertz concludes primitive transmitter and receiver experiemnts."
| | from:1924 till:1953 shift:($dx,5) text:[[Special:MyLanguage/Stalin|Josef~Stalin]] |
| at:1887 text:"Hertz publishes his research in the journal Annalen der Physik". | | from:1953 till:1964 shift:($dx,5) text:Nikita~[[Special:MyLanguage/Khrushchev|Khrushchev]] |
| at:1890 text:"[[Edouard Branly]] invents the [[coherer]]."
| | from:1964 till:1982 shift:($dx,5) text:Leonid~[[Special:MyLanguage/Brezhnev|Brezhnev]] |
| at:1891 text:"[[Nikola Tesla]] is granted U.S. Patent No. 454,622 "System of Electric Lighting," first revealing the basic techniques for greatly improving radio transmitter performance."
| | from:1982 till:1984 shift:($dx,-12) text:Yuri~[[Special:MyLanguage/Andropov|Andropov]] |
| at:1892 text:"Hertz publishes "Untersuchungen Ueber Die Ausbreitung Der Elektrischen Kraft” (“Investigations on the Propagation of Electrical Energy”)."
| | from:1984 till:1985 shift:($dx,4) text:Konstantin~[[Special:MyLanguage/Chernenko|Chernenko]] fontsize:XS |
| at:1893 text:"Tesla demonstrates "wireless telegraphy" at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National Electric Light Association, demonstrating the practical application eight years after Hertz experiments."
| | from:1985 till:end shift:($dx,10) text:Mikhail~[[Special:MyLanguage/Gorbachev|Gorbachev]] |
| at:1894 text:"The book 'Invention, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla', edited by T.C. Martin is published."
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| at:1894 text:"Hertz dies at age 37."
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| at:1894 text:"[[Alexander Stepanovich Popov|Alexander Popov]] builds his first radio receiver in [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. This was the first non-laboratory radio service." | |
| at:1894 text:"Oliver Lodge transmits radio signals at a meeting of the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science]] at Oxford University on August 14. One year before Marconi but one year after Tesla." | |
| at:1894 text:[[Jagadish Chandra Bose]] uses electromagnetic waves to ignite gunpowder and ring a bell at a distance in November in [[Calcutta.]]""
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| at:1895 text:"Popov presents his radio receiver to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7. The paper on his findings was published December 15."
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| at:1895 text:"[[Marconi]] transmits wireless signals a distance of about one mile."
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| at:1896 text:"Tesla transmits wireless signals over distances of up to 30 miles." | |
| at:1897 text:"Tesla is granted U.S. Patents No. 645,576 and 649,621 covering the four-tuned circuit wireless system."
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| at:1897 text:"Marconi is granted a British patent for his work, establishes the world's first radio station on the [[Isle of Wight]], England & forms the London company later to become the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company"
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| at:1897 text:"Bose reports on his microwave radio experiments to the Royal Institute in London & speculates on the existence of electromagnetic radiation from the sun." | |
| at:1898 text:"Popov effects ship-to-shore communication over a distance of 6 miles"
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| at:1898 text:"Tesla publicly demonstrates his remote-controlled boat containing "rotating [[coherer]]s" plus circuit elements that allowed secure communication between transmitter and receiver."
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| at:1900 text:"Popov supervises the construction of a radio station on Hogland island providing a two-way communication by wireless telegraphy between Russian navy base and crew of the battleship [[General-Admiral Apraksin]].
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| at:1900 text:"Tesla begins construction of the [[Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility for trans-Atlantic wireless telephony." | |
| at:1901 text:"Marconi receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal on 12 December. The message received was three dots, the Morse code for the letter S."
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| at:1902 text:"Tesla gives interference testimony in the matter of his patent application for "Systems of Signaling" and that of [[Reginald Fessenden]] for "Improvement in the Transmission and Receipt of Signals," subsequently determined in Tesla's favor."
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| at:1904 text:"Bose receives patent for the use of a semi-conducting crystal as a detector of radio waves"
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| at:1904 text:"[[John Ambrose Fleming]] develops the "oscillation valve" or "kenotron," later known as the vacuum-tube diode. "
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| at:1904 text:"Tesla advertises his services." | |
| at:1906 text:"[[Lee De Forest]] invents the [[Audion tube|Audion]], now known as the vacuum-tube [[triode]]."
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| at:1906 text:"Fessenden transmits the first audio radio broadcast on AM from Brant Rock, [[Massachusetts]]. Ships at sea heard a broadcast that included Fessenden playing the song Silent Night on the violin and reading a passage from the [[Bible]]. "
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| at:1909 text:"Marconi is a co-awardee of the Nobel Prize in physics"
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| at:1910 text:"Lee de Forest airs radio programs from [[New York]]'s [[Metropolitan Opera|Metropolitan Opera House]]. "
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| at:1922 text:"The BBC begins broadcasting from London, on November 14." | |
| at:1928 text:"[[Julius Edgar Lilienfeld]] patents the transistor principle in Germany"
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| at:1933 text:"[[Edwin Howard Armstrong|Edwin Armstrong]] patents FM ([[frequency modulation]])"
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| at:1947 text:"William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain succeeds in building the first practical point-contact [[transistor]] at [[Bell Labs]] on 22 December. This work followed from their war-time research into radar." | |
| at:1956 text:"Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain receive the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics for the invention of the transistor""
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| </timeline> | | </timeline> |
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